Refers to elevated blood glucose levels and it is important to manage blood glucose levels to prevent damage to blood vessels and associated complications.

Depending on the situation, patients with diabetes may also need a fitness-to-drive assessment to be completed to maintain their driver’s license.

Type 1 diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 3c diabetes are diseases of insulin deficiency and usually require treatment with long-acting and short-acting insulin.

The National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS) can help subsidise the cost of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), which are attached to your skin and help constantly monitor your blood glucose levels.

Private health insurance can help subsidise the cost of insulin pumps and the technology in this space is constantly evolving and improving. Currently, there are hybrid-closed loop systems, where a CGM and insulin pump automatically communicate with each other to maintain blood glucose at a safe level.

Type 2 diabetes begins as insulin resistance, though over time can progress to insulin deficiency. There are multiple management options available including lifestyle modifications and medications. Different options have their advantages including reducing the risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease.

Gestational diabetes is caused by insulin resistance due to placental hormones. There are specific blood glucose targets for gestational diabetes to reduce potential complications during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes also increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life and it is important to reduce this risk.